Types Of Operating Systems
An operating system is a well-organized collection of programs that manages the computer hardware. It is a type of system software that is responsible for the smooth functioning of the computer system.
There are mainly five types of operating systems are there:
1. Batch Operating System
2. Time Sharing or Multitasking Operating System
3. Distributed Operating System
4. Multiprogramming Operating System
5. Real-time Operating System.
1. Batch Operating System:
Computer systems of the 1960's used punched cards as the primary input medium. A program and its data consisted of a deck of cards. A programmer would submit a program at a counter in the computer center. The CPU of the computer system was idle while the operator performed these actions. So a lot of CPU time was wasted in this manner.
To avoid these backlog Batch Operating system is introduced. A batch is a sequence of user jobs formed for the purpose of processing by a batch processing operating system. Each job in the batch is independent of other jobs in the batch.
2. Time Sharing or Multitasking Operating System:
In a non-interactive computing environment, a user has no contact with his program during its execution. In such an environment it is natural to use the batch processing or multiprogramming paradigm. Both these systems provide poor user service.
A user can provide inputs to a program from the keyboard and examine its output on the monitor screen. A different OS paradigm is used in such environments to provide quick service to user requests, it creates an illusion that each user has a computer system at his sole disposal. This paradigm is called time sharing.
3. Real Time Operating System:
If the application takes too long to respond to an activity, a failure can occur in the external system. Some of the examples for the real time applications can be found in missile guidance, command and control applications like process control and air traffic control, data sampling and data acquisition systems like display systems in automobiles
Features of a real time operating system:
1. Permits creation of multiple processes within an application
2. permits priorities to be assigned to processes
3. Permits a programmer to define interrupts and interrupt processing routines
4. Uses priority driven or deadline oriented scheduling
4. Multiprogramming Operating System:
In this each program in the memory could be a program in the current job of a batch of jobs. Thus one could have both processing and multiprogramming at the same time.
In principle the CPU and the I/O subsystem could operate on the same program. However, in this case the program must explicitly synchronize activities of the CPU and the I/O subsystem to ensure that the program executes correctly.
5. Distributed Operating System:
A distributed computer system consists of several individual computer systems connected through a network. However, the possibility of network failures or failures of individual computer systems complicates functioning of the operating system and use of special techniques in its design.
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